Curve Fitting the Error of a B
abstract: a mathematical method is presented in this application note that allows the user to improve the accuracy of bandgap-based digital temperature sensors. this method increases the accuracy by compensating for the offset and curvature of the device error characteristic. this technique is useful for applications that require greater than the ±0.5°c accuracy provided by dallas semiconductor's precision temperature sensor ics.
introduction dallas semiconductor uses its unique manufacturing capabilities to provide factory calibrated digital temperature sensors with accuracy as high as ±0.5°c. this level of accuracy is sufficient for many applications; however, some scientific and industrial applications require even greater precision.
this application note presents a technique that can allow the user to improve the accuracy of bandgap-based digital temperature sensors by as much as a factor of 10 by compensating for the offset and curvature of the device error characteristic. this method is successful due the simple second order error curve and the repeatable nature of the output over temperature for bandgap-based sensors.
note that the technique presented in this article can be applied to any ic temperature sensor with a bandgap-based thermal circuit. this technique will not work for dallas semiconductor's older thermal ics, which have a dual-oscillator-based thermal measurement circuit.
error compensation to illustrate the second order error curve inherent to band-gap based sensors, a ds1631 ic was characterized over a -35°c to +85°c temperature range in a thermally conductive liquid bath, and its thermal error relative to a nist traceable platinum rtd was recorded at 5°c intervals. the results from this sweep are shown in figure 1 ( = ds1631 bath measurements).
figure 1. ds1631 measured error and calculated error.
the error characteristic shown in figure 1 makes a second order curve that can be represented by the following equation:
where tts is the temperature measured by the temperature sensor (the ds1631 in this case), α is a curvature correction coefficient, tzero_slope is the temperature at which the error curve has zero slope, and offset is the error at tzero_slope.
after determining values for α, offset and tzero_slope such that equation 1 provides a close fit to the temperature sensor's output error curve, the user can calculate the approximate measurement error at any temperature and then compensate for the error by subtracting the calculated value from the measured temperature. thus, the compensated temperature is:
for the best results with this technique, each temperature sensor should be characterized over the desired temperature range in order to determine the best fit calculated error curve for the specific device.
example this example uses the characterized ds1631 to illustrate the compensation technique described above. table 1 lists the values measured by the ds1631 and the error of the measurements relative to the actual ambient temperature. from examining figure 1, tzero_slope can be estimated to be 15°c and offset to be approximately -0.23°c, for which α = 1.28 x 10-4 provides a very close fit to the measured error curve (see figure 1). plugging the measured temperatures into equation 2 results in the compensated temperatures shown in table 1. the error of the compensated temperature relative to the ambient temperature, as shown in table 1 and figure 2, is up to 10 times lower than the error of the original measurements.
figure 2. example compensated error.
note that it may take several iterations to arrive at values for tzero_slope, offset, and α that provide the best fit curve. once initial estimations for tzero_slope and offset have been made, α can be calculated with readily available math or spreadsheet software.
table 1. compensation example data ambient temperature* measured temperature measured error compensated temperature compensated error
-43.1377 -42.9375 0.20015 -43.13603 0.001619
-39.3466 -39.25 0.0966 -39.39572 -0.04912
-34.2368 -34.125 0.11182 -34.20308 0.033737
-29.0969 -29.0625 0.03443 -29.08036 0.016573
-24.1398 -24.125 0.01481 -24.09042 0.049389
-19.2454 -19.3125 -0.06715 -19.23280 0.012547
-14.0779 -14.1875 -0.10964 -14.06626 0.011603
-9.10834 -9.25 -0.14166 -9.09507 0.013266
-4.08784 -4.25 -0.162158 -4.06731 0.020535
0.769446 0.5625 -0.2069459 0.76589 -0.00356
5.831063 5.625 -0.206063 5.84378 0.012717
10.84934 10.625 -0.22434 10.85256 0.003216
15.79473 15.5625 -0.23223 15.79246 -0.00227
20.79082 20.5625 -0.22832 20.78855 -0.00227
25.70361 25.5 -0.20361 25.71593 0.012315
30.74484 30.5625 -0.18234 30.76158 0.016741
35.60317 35.4375 -0.16567 35.61418 0.011006
40.57861 40.4375 -0.14111 40.58489 0.006284
45.68797 45.5625 -0.12547 45.67325 -0.01472
50.56738 50.5 -0.06738 50.56911 0.001733
55.58933 55.5625 -0.02683 55.58245 -0.00688
60.51409 60.5625 0.04841 60.52748 0.01339
65.35461 65.4375 0.08289 65.34273 -0.01188
70.54241 70.6875 0.14509 70.52161 -0.0208
75.40949 75.625 0.21551 75.38579 -0.0237
80.41012 80.75 0.33988 80.42811 0.017987
85.26303 85.6875 0.42447 85.27961 0.016576
*as measured by a nist traceable platinum rtd
TCL华星宣布LCD屏下指纹已量产，改变LCD屏下指纹的尴尬局面
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introduction dallas semiconductor uses its unique manufacturing capabilities to provide factory calibrated digital temperature sensors with accuracy as high as ±0.5°c. this level of accuracy is sufficient for many applications; however, some scientific and industrial applications require even greater precision.
this application note presents a technique that can allow the user to improve the accuracy of bandgap-based digital temperature sensors by as much as a factor of 10 by compensating for the offset and curvature of the device error characteristic. this method is successful due the simple second order error curve and the repeatable nature of the output over temperature for bandgap-based sensors.
note that the technique presented in this article can be applied to any ic temperature sensor with a bandgap-based thermal circuit. this technique will not work for dallas semiconductor's older thermal ics, which have a dual-oscillator-based thermal measurement circuit.
error compensation to illustrate the second order error curve inherent to band-gap based sensors, a ds1631 ic was characterized over a -35°c to +85°c temperature range in a thermally conductive liquid bath, and its thermal error relative to a nist traceable platinum rtd was recorded at 5°c intervals. the results from this sweep are shown in figure 1 ( = ds1631 bath measurements).
figure 1. ds1631 measured error and calculated error.
the error characteristic shown in figure 1 makes a second order curve that can be represented by the following equation:
where tts is the temperature measured by the temperature sensor (the ds1631 in this case), α is a curvature correction coefficient, tzero_slope is the temperature at which the error curve has zero slope, and offset is the error at tzero_slope.
after determining values for α, offset and tzero_slope such that equation 1 provides a close fit to the temperature sensor's output error curve, the user can calculate the approximate measurement error at any temperature and then compensate for the error by subtracting the calculated value from the measured temperature. thus, the compensated temperature is:
for the best results with this technique, each temperature sensor should be characterized over the desired temperature range in order to determine the best fit calculated error curve for the specific device.
example this example uses the characterized ds1631 to illustrate the compensation technique described above. table 1 lists the values measured by the ds1631 and the error of the measurements relative to the actual ambient temperature. from examining figure 1, tzero_slope can be estimated to be 15°c and offset to be approximately -0.23°c, for which α = 1.28 x 10-4 provides a very close fit to the measured error curve (see figure 1). plugging the measured temperatures into equation 2 results in the compensated temperatures shown in table 1. the error of the compensated temperature relative to the ambient temperature, as shown in table 1 and figure 2, is up to 10 times lower than the error of the original measurements.
figure 2. example compensated error.
note that it may take several iterations to arrive at values for tzero_slope, offset, and α that provide the best fit curve. once initial estimations for tzero_slope and offset have been made, α can be calculated with readily available math or spreadsheet software.
table 1. compensation example data ambient temperature* measured temperature measured error compensated temperature compensated error
-43.1377 -42.9375 0.20015 -43.13603 0.001619
-39.3466 -39.25 0.0966 -39.39572 -0.04912
-34.2368 -34.125 0.11182 -34.20308 0.033737
-29.0969 -29.0625 0.03443 -29.08036 0.016573
-24.1398 -24.125 0.01481 -24.09042 0.049389
-19.2454 -19.3125 -0.06715 -19.23280 0.012547
-14.0779 -14.1875 -0.10964 -14.06626 0.011603
-9.10834 -9.25 -0.14166 -9.09507 0.013266
-4.08784 -4.25 -0.162158 -4.06731 0.020535
0.769446 0.5625 -0.2069459 0.76589 -0.00356
5.831063 5.625 -0.206063 5.84378 0.012717
10.84934 10.625 -0.22434 10.85256 0.003216
15.79473 15.5625 -0.23223 15.79246 -0.00227
20.79082 20.5625 -0.22832 20.78855 -0.00227
25.70361 25.5 -0.20361 25.71593 0.012315
30.74484 30.5625 -0.18234 30.76158 0.016741
35.60317 35.4375 -0.16567 35.61418 0.011006
40.57861 40.4375 -0.14111 40.58489 0.006284
45.68797 45.5625 -0.12547 45.67325 -0.01472
50.56738 50.5 -0.06738 50.56911 0.001733
55.58933 55.5625 -0.02683 55.58245 -0.00688
60.51409 60.5625 0.04841 60.52748 0.01339
65.35461 65.4375 0.08289 65.34273 -0.01188
70.54241 70.6875 0.14509 70.52161 -0.0208
75.40949 75.625 0.21551 75.38579 -0.0237
80.41012 80.75 0.33988 80.42811 0.017987
85.26303 85.6875 0.42447 85.27961 0.016576
*as measured by a nist traceable platinum rtd
TCL华星宣布LCD屏下指纹已量产，改变LCD屏下指纹的尴尬局面
如何有效降低直流无刷伺服电机的噪音
字母检索SMT术语详解
回流焊和波峰焊是什么？
LWK-ZB（TH）数显多路凝露温度监控器
Curve Fitting the Error of a B
工业线扫镜头的参数含义
华硕ROG Phone 3现身ECC认证网站，单核902，多核3074
微芯计划收购美高森美 交易面额达645亿
可以测量车辆寿命的三种汽车传感器
传感器的发展通史
PT-7000系列交流钳形电流探头的使用
国巨|推出1206 NPO 630V 10nF电容
STM32F407-DP83848-Lwip移植方法
车载中控屏核心板开机不良的详细分析
共享溜娃小车现身!共享溜娃小车现身:两元半小时,押金99元比售价还贵你怎么看?
硬件工程师教你如何理解地的概念
电动汽车系统中通过隔离降低EMI的三种方案
驱动数字经济 助力科技创新 中亿云矿布局绿色区块链产业
通过Twython在Raspberry Pi上发推文！（第1部分）