Linux服务管理及Ubuntu系统镜像设置
服务管理服务，即service，其本质上也是进程，但是运行在后台，通常都会监听某个端口，等待其他程序的请求，比如(mysqld, sshd, 防火墙等)，因此又将其称为守护进程。
service管理指令service指令所管理的服务可以直接在/etc/init.d/目录下查看。
service 服务名 [start | stop | restart | reload | status]systemctl管理指令systemctl 指令管理的服务可在/usr/lib/systemd/system/目录下查看。
systemctl [start | stop | restart | status] 服务名=================================================# 设置服务的自启动状态systemctl enable 服务名 # 设置服务开机自启systemctl disable 服务名 # 关闭服务开机自启systemctl is-enabled 服务名 # 检查某服务是否自启动=================================================firewall指令每次操作完防火墙后都需要重新载入防火墙配置，命令firewall-cmd --reload
# 打开端口firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=端口号/协议# 关闭端口firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-port=端口号/协议# 重新载入，让配置生效firewall-cmd --reload# 查询端口是否开放firewall-cmd --query-port=端口/协议测试某个端口是否开放，使用telnet命令即可。
telnet 192.168.1.100 111 # 测试111端口是否开放ubuntu系统镜像设置修改镜像源文件前记得备份一份原来文件，修改完成后执行sudo apt update命令刷新本地apt缓存。
/etc/apt/sources.list阿里云镜像源配置教程
配置方法域名说明
对于阿里云ecs用户，需要将配置文件中 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ 替换成 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ 进行使用
sed -i 's/https:\\/\\/mirrors.aliyun.com/http:\\/\\/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list图形界面配置
新手推荐使用图形界面配置： 系统设置 -> 软件和更新 选择下载服务器 -> mirrors.aliyun.com
手动更改
用你熟悉的编辑器打开：
/etc/apt/sources.list替换默认的
http://archive.ubuntu.com/为
mirrors.aliyun.com以ubuntu 14.04.5 lts为例，最后的效果如下：
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse## not recommended# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverseubuntu 16.04 配置如下
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial maindeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial maindeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates maindeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates maindeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security maindeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security maindeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universeubuntu 18.04(bionic) 配置如下
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverseubuntu 20.04(focal) 配置如下
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
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service管理指令service指令所管理的服务可以直接在/etc/init.d/目录下查看。
service 服务名 [start | stop | restart | reload | status]systemctl管理指令systemctl 指令管理的服务可在/usr/lib/systemd/system/目录下查看。
systemctl [start | stop | restart | status] 服务名=================================================# 设置服务的自启动状态systemctl enable 服务名 # 设置服务开机自启systemctl disable 服务名 # 关闭服务开机自启systemctl is-enabled 服务名 # 检查某服务是否自启动=================================================firewall指令每次操作完防火墙后都需要重新载入防火墙配置，命令firewall-cmd --reload
# 打开端口firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=端口号/协议# 关闭端口firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-port=端口号/协议# 重新载入，让配置生效firewall-cmd --reload# 查询端口是否开放firewall-cmd --query-port=端口/协议测试某个端口是否开放，使用telnet命令即可。
telnet 192.168.1.100 111 # 测试111端口是否开放ubuntu系统镜像设置修改镜像源文件前记得备份一份原来文件，修改完成后执行sudo apt update命令刷新本地apt缓存。
/etc/apt/sources.list阿里云镜像源配置教程
配置方法域名说明
对于阿里云ecs用户，需要将配置文件中 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ 替换成 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ 进行使用
sed -i 's/https:\\/\\/mirrors.aliyun.com/http:\\/\\/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list图形界面配置
新手推荐使用图形界面配置： 系统设置 -> 软件和更新 选择下载服务器 -> mirrors.aliyun.com
手动更改
用你熟悉的编辑器打开：
/etc/apt/sources.list替换默认的
http://archive.ubuntu.com/为
mirrors.aliyun.com以ubuntu 14.04.5 lts为例，最后的效果如下：
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse## not recommended# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverseubuntu 16.04 配置如下
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial maindeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial maindeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates maindeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates maindeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security maindeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security maindeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universeubuntu 18.04(bionic) 配置如下
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverseubuntu 20.04(focal) 配置如下
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
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