前言
大家好,这里是浩道linux,主要给大家分享linux、python、网络通信、网络安全等相关的it知识平台。
相信不少linux运维小伙伴在实际运维中经常会用到kill -9 进程id 这个命令来干掉程序。实际真的合理吗,今天就让我们一起来看看为什么技术牛人都不建议用kill -9关闭程序,看看该命令背后是咋样的!
正文
kill -9 pid ???
kill可将指定的信息送至程序。预设的信息为sigterm(15),可将指定程序终止。若仍无法终止该程序,可使用sigkill(9)信息尝试强制删除程序。程序或工作的编号可利用ps指令或jobs指令查看(这段话来自菜鸟教程)。
讲的这个复杂,简单点来说就是用来杀死linux中的进程,啥?你问我啥是进程?请自行百度。
我相信很多人都用过kill -9 pid 这个命令,彻底杀死进程的意思,一般情况我们使用它没有上面问题,但是在我们项目中使用它就有可能存在致命的问题。
kill -9 pid 带来的问题
由于kill -9 属于暴力删除,所以会给程序带来比较严重的后果,那究竟会带来什么后果呢?
举个栗子:转账功能,再给两个账户进行加钱扣钱的时候突然断电了?这个时候会发生什么事情?对于innodb存储引擎来说,没有什么损失,因为它支持事务,但是对于myisam引擎来说那简直就是灾难,为什么?假如给a账户扣了钱,现在需要将b账户加钱,这个时候停电了,就会造成,a的钱被扣了,但是b没有拿到这笔钱,这在生产环境是绝对不允许的,kill -9 相当于突然断电的效果。
当然了,像转账这种,肯定不是使用myisam引擎,但是如今分布式火了起来,跨服务转账已经是很平常的事情,这种时候如果使用kill -9 去停止服务,那就不是你的事务能保证数据的准确性了,这个时候你可能会想到分布式事务,这个世界上没有绝对的安全系统或者架构,分布式事务也是一样,他也会存在问题,概率很小,如果一旦发生,损失有可能是无法弥补的,所以一定不能使用kill -9 去停止服务,因为你不知道他会造成什么后果。
在myisam引擎中表现的更明显,比如用户的信息由两张表维护,管理员修改用户信息的时候需要修改两张表,但由于你的kill -9 暴力结束项目,导致只修改成功了一张表,这也会导致数据的不一致性,这是小事,因为大不了再修改一次,但是金钱、合同这些重要的信息如果由于你的暴力删除导致错乱,我觉得可能比删库跑路还严重,至少删库还能恢复,你这个都不知道错在哪里。
那我们应该怎么结束项目呢?
其实java给我们提供了结束项目的功能,比如:tomcat可以使用shutdown.bat/shutdown.sh进行优雅结束。
什么叫优雅结束?
第一步:停止接收请求和内部线程。
第二步:判断是否有线程正在执行。
第三步:等待正在执行的线程执行完毕。
第四步:停止容器。
以上四步才是正常的结束流程,那springboot怎么正常结束服务呢?下面我介绍几种正常结束服务的方案,请拿好小本本做好笔记。
优雅结束服务
kill -15 pid
这种方式也会比较优雅的结束进程(项目),使用他的时候需要慎重,为什么呢?我们来看个例子
我写了一个普通的controller方法做测试
@getmapping(value = /test) public string test(){ log.info(test --- start); try { thread.sleep(100000); } catch (interruptedexception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } log.info(test --- end); return test; }1234567891011
代码很简单,打印:test — start之后让让程序休眠100秒,然后再打印:test — end,在线程休眠中我们使用kill -15 pid来结束这个进程,你们猜 test — end会被打印吗?
application.yml
server: port: 998812
启动项目
sudo mvn spring-boot:run1
这是maven启动springboot项目的方式
看到这个就代表项目启动成了
找到项目的进程id
sudo ps -ef |grep shutdown1
这个就是项目的进程号,接下来我们先测试test接口,让线程进入休眠状态,然后再使用kill -15 14086停止项目
sudo curl 127.0.0.1:9988/test1
回到项目日志
我们发现请求已经到达服务,并且线程已经成功进入休眠,现在我们kill -15 14086结束进程
sudo kill -15 140861
回到日志
2020-04-24 10:53:14.939 info 14086 --- [nio-9988-exec-1] com.ymy.controller.testcontroller : test --- start2020-04-24 10:54:02.450 info 14086 --- [extshutdownhook] o.s.s.concurrent.threadpooltaskexecutor : shutting down executorservice 'applicationtaskexecutor'java.lang.interruptedexception: sleep interrupted at java.lang.thread.sleep(native method) at com.ymy.controller.testcontroller.test(testcontroller.java:26) at sun.reflect.nativemethodaccessorimpl.invoke0(native method) at sun.reflect.nativemethodaccessorimpl.invoke(nativemethodaccessorimpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.delegatingmethodaccessorimpl.invoke(delegatingmethodaccessorimpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.method.invoke(method.java:498) at org.springframework.web.method.support.invocablehandlermethod.doinvoke(invocablehandlermethod.java:190) at org.springframework.web.method.support.invocablehandlermethod.invokeforrequest(invocablehandlermethod.java:138) at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.servletinvocablehandlermethod.invokeandhandle(servletinvocablehandlermethod.java:105) at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.requestmappinghandleradapter.invokehandlermethod(requestmappinghandleradapter.java:879) at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.requestmappinghandleradapter.handleinternal(requestmappinghandleradapter.java:793) at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.abstracthandlermethodadapter.handle(abstracthandlermethodadapter.java:87) at org.springframework.web.servlet.dispatcherservlet.dodispatch(dispatcherservlet.java:1040) at org.springframework.web.servlet.dispatcherservlet.doservice(dispatcherservlet.java:943) at org.springframework.web.servlet.frameworkservlet.processrequest(frameworkservlet.java:1006) at org.springframework.web.servlet.frameworkservlet.doget(frameworkservlet.java:898) at javax.servlet.http.httpservlet.service(httpservlet.java:634) at org.springframework.web.servlet.frameworkservlet.service(frameworkservlet.java:883) at javax.servlet.http.httpservlet.service(httpservlet.java:741) at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:231) at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:166) at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.wsfilter.dofilter(wsfilter.java:53) at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:193) at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:166) at org.springframework.web.filter.requestcontextfilter.dofilterinternal(requestcontextfilter.java:100) at org.springframework.web.filter.onceperrequestfilter.dofilter(onceperrequestfilter.java:119) at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:193) at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:166) at org.springframework.web.filter.formcontentfilter.dofilterinternal(formcontentfilter.java:93) at org.springframework.web.filter.onceperrequestfilter.dofilter(onceperrequestfilter.java:119) at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:193) at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:166) at org.springframework.boot.actuate.metrics.web.servlet.webmvcmetricsfilter.dofilterinternal(webmvcmetricsfilter.java:109) at org.springframework.web.filter.onceperrequestfilter.dofilter(onceperrequestfilter.java:119) at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:193) at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:166) at org.springframework.web.filter.characterencodingfilter.dofilterinternal(characterencodingfilter.java:201) at org.springframework.web.filter.onceperrequestfilter.dofilter(onceperrequestfilter.java:119) at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:193) at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:166) at org.apache.catalina.core.standardwrappervalve.invoke(standardwrappervalve.java:202) at org.apache.catalina.core.standardcontextvalve.invoke(standardcontextvalve.java:96) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.authenticatorbase.invoke(authenticatorbase.java:541) at org.apache.catalina.core.standardhostvalve.invoke(standardhostvalve.java:139) at org.apache.catalina.valves.errorreportvalve.invoke(errorreportvalve.java:92) at org.apache.catalina.core.standardenginevalve.invoke(standardenginevalve.java:74) at org.apache.catalina.connector.coyoteadapter.service(coyoteadapter.java:343) at org.apache.coyote.http11.http11processor.service(http11processor.java:373) at org.apache.coyote.abstractprocessorlight.process(abstractprocessorlight.java:65) at org.apache.coyote.abstractprotocol$connectionhandler.process(abstractprotocol.java:868) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.nioendpoint$socketprocessor.dorun(nioendpoint.java:1594) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.socketprocessorbase.run(socketprocessorbase.java:49) at java.util.concurrent.threadpoolexecutor.runworker(threadpoolexecutor.java:1149) at java.util.concurrent.threadpoolexecutor$worker.run(threadpoolexecutor.java:624) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.taskthread$wrappingrunnable.run(taskthread.java:61) at java.lang.thread.run(thread.java:748)2020-04-24 10:54:04.574 info 14086 --- [nio-9988-exec-1] com.ymy.controller.testcontroller : test --- end2020-04-24 10:54:04.610 error 14086 --- [nio-9988-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.handlerexecutionchain : handlerinterceptor.aftercompletion threw exceptionjava.lang.nullpointerexception: null at org.springframework.boot.actuate.metrics.web.servlet.longtasktiminghandlerinterceptor.stoplongtasktimers(longtasktiminghandlerinterceptor.java:123) ~[spring-boot-actuator-2.2.6.release.jar:2.2.6.release] at org.springframework.boot.actuate.metrics.web.servlet.longtasktiminghandlerinterceptor.aftercompletion(longtasktiminghandlerinterceptor.java:79) ~[spring-boot-actuator-2.2.6.release.jar:2.2.6.release] at org.springframework.web.servlet.handlerexecutionchain.triggeraftercompletion(handlerexecutionchain.java:179) ~[spring-webmvc-5.2.5.release.jar:5.2.5.release] at org.springframework.web.servlet.dispatcherservlet.triggeraftercompletion(dispatcherservlet.java:1427) [spring-webmvc-5.2.5.release.jar:5.2.5.release] at org.springframework.web.servlet.dispatcherservlet.dodispatch(dispatcherservlet.java:1060) [spring-webmvc-5.2.5.release.jar:5.2.5.release] at org.springframework.web.servlet.dispatcherservlet.doservice(dispatcherservlet.java:943) [spring-webmvc-5.2.5.release.jar:5.2.5.release] at org.springframework.web.servlet.frameworkservlet.processrequest(frameworkservlet.java:1006) [spring-webmvc-5.2.5.release.jar:5.2.5.release] at org.springframework.web.servlet.frameworkservlet.doget(frameworkservlet.java:898) [spring-webmvc-5.2.5.release.jar:5.2.5.release] at javax.servlet.http.httpservlet.service(httpservlet.java:634) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.springframework.web.servlet.frameworkservlet.service(frameworkservlet.java:883) [spring-webmvc-5.2.5.release.jar:5.2.5.release] at javax.servlet.http.httpservlet.service(httpservlet.java:741) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:231) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:166) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.wsfilter.dofilter(wsfilter.java:53) [tomcat-embed-websocket-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:193) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:166) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.springframework.web.filter.requestcontextfilter.dofilterinternal(requestcontextfilter.java:100) [spring-web-5.2.5.release.jar:5.2.5.release] at org.springframework.web.filter.onceperrequestfilter.dofilter(onceperrequestfilter.java:119) [spring-web-5.2.5.release.jar:5.2.5.release] at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:193) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:166) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.springframework.web.filter.formcontentfilter.dofilterinternal(formcontentfilter.java:93) [spring-web-5.2.5.release.jar:5.2.5.release] at org.springframework.web.filter.onceperrequestfilter.dofilter(onceperrequestfilter.java:119) [spring-web-5.2.5.release.jar:5.2.5.release] at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:193) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:166) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.springframework.boot.actuate.metrics.web.servlet.webmvcmetricsfilter.dofilterinternal(webmvcmetricsfilter.java:109) [spring-boot-actuator-2.2.6.release.jar:2.2.6.release] at org.springframework.web.filter.onceperrequestfilter.dofilter(onceperrequestfilter.java:119) [spring-web-5.2.5.release.jar:5.2.5.release] at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:193) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:166) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.springframework.web.filter.characterencodingfilter.dofilterinternal(characterencodingfilter.java:201) [spring-web-5.2.5.release.jar:5.2.5.release] at org.springframework.web.filter.onceperrequestfilter.dofilter(onceperrequestfilter.java:119) [spring-web-5.2.5.release.jar:5.2.5.release] at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:193) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:166) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.apache.catalina.core.standardwrappervalve.invoke(standardwrappervalve.java:202) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.apache.catalina.core.standardcontextvalve.invoke(standardcontextvalve.java:96) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.authenticatorbase.invoke(authenticatorbase.java:541) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.apache.catalina.core.standardhostvalve.invoke(standardhostvalve.java:139) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.apache.catalina.valves.errorreportvalve.invoke(errorreportvalve.java:92) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.apache.catalina.core.standardenginevalve.invoke(standardenginevalve.java:74) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.apache.catalina.connector.coyoteadapter.service(coyoteadapter.java:343) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.apache.coyote.http11.http11processor.service(http11processor.java:373) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.apache.coyote.abstractprocessorlight.process(abstractprocessorlight.java:65) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.apache.coyote.abstractprotocol$connectionhandler.process(abstractprotocol.java:868) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.nioendpoint$socketprocessor.dorun(nioendpoint.java:1594) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.socketprocessorbase.run(socketprocessorbase.java:49) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at java.util.concurrent.threadpoolexecutor.runworker(threadpoolexecutor.java:1149) [na:1.8.0_242] at java.util.concurrent.threadpoolexecutor$worker.run(threadpoolexecutor.java:624) [na:1.8.0_242] at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.taskthread$wrappingrunnable.run(taskthread.java:61) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.33.jar:9.0.33] at java.lang.thread.run(thread.java:748) [na:1.8.0_242]123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112
居然报错了,但是test — end是打印出来了,为什么会报错呢?这就和sleep这个方法有关了,在线程休眠期间,当调用线程的interrupt方法的时候会导致sleep抛出异常,这里很明显就是kill -15 这个命令会让程序马上调用线程的interrupt方法,目的是为了让线程停止,虽然让线程停止,但线程什么时候停止还是线程自己说的算,这就是为什么我们还能看到:test — end的原因。
configurableapplicationcontext colse
我们先看怎么实现
package com.ymy.controller;import lombok.extern.slf4j.slf4j;import org.springframework.beans.beansexception;import org.springframework.context.applicationcontext;import org.springframework.context.applicationcontextaware;import org.springframework.context.configurableapplicationcontext;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.getmapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.postmapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.restcontroller;@restcontroller@slf4jpublic class testcontroller implements applicationcontextaware { private applicationcontext context; @override public void setapplicationcontext(applicationcontext applicationcontext) throws beansexception { this.context = applicationcontext; } @getmapping(value = /test) public string test(){ log.info(test --- start); try { thread.sleep(100000); } catch (interruptedexception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } log.info(test --- end); return test; } /** * 停机 */ @postmapping(value = shutdown) public void shutdown(){ configurableapplicationcontext cyx = (configurableapplicationcontext) context; cyx.close(); }}1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344
重点在:cyx.close();,为什么他能停止springboot项目呢?请看源码
public void close() { synchronized(this.startupshutdownmonitor) { this.doclose(); if (this.shutdownhook != null) { try { runtime.getruntime().removeshutdownhook(this.shutdownhook); } catch (illegalstateexception var4) { } } } }123456789101112
程序在启动的时候向jvm注册了一个关闭钩子,我们在执行colse方法的时候会删除这个关闭钩子,jvm就会知道这是需要停止服务。
我们看测试结果
很明显,他也触发了线程的interrupt方法导致线程报错,原理和kill -15差不多。
actuator
这种方式是通过引入依赖的方式停止服务,actuator提供了很多接口,比如健康检查,基本信息等等,我们也可以使用他来优雅的停机。
引入依赖
org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-actuator 12345
application.yml
server: port: 9988management: endpoints: web: exposure: include: shutdown endpoint: shutdown: enabled: true server: port: 888812345678910111213
我这里对actuator的接口重新给定了一个接口,这样可提高安全性,下面我们来测试一下
@requestmapping(value = /test,method = requestmethod.get) public string test(){ system.out.println(test --- start); try { thread.sleep(10000); } catch (interruptedexception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } system.out.println(test --- end); return hello; }1234567891011
在请求test途中停止服务
我们发现发送停止服务请求之后还给我们返回了提示信息,很人性化,我们看看控制台
test — end被执行了,不过在停止线程池的时候还是调用了线程的interrupt方法,导致sleep报错,这三种方式都可以比较优雅的停止springboot服务,如果我项目中存在线程休眠,我希望10秒以后再停止服务可以吗?肯定是可以的,我们只需要稍微做点修改就可以了。
1.新增停止springboot服务类:elegantshutdownconfig.java
package com.ymy.config;import org.apache.catalina.connector.connector;import org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.tomcatconnectorcustomizer;import org.springframework.context.applicationlistener;import org.springframework.context.event.contextclosedevent;import java.util.concurrent.executor;import java.util.concurrent.threadpoolexecutor;import java.util.concurrent.timeunit;public class elegantshutdownconfig implements tomcatconnectorcustomizer, applicationlistener { private volatile connector connector; private final int waittime = 10; @override public void customize(connector connector) { this.connector = connector; } @override public void onapplicationevent(contextclosedevent event) { connector.pause(); executor executor = connector.getprotocolhandler().getexecutor(); if (executor instanceof threadpoolexecutor) { try { threadpoolexecutor threadpoolexecutor = (threadpoolexecutor) executor; threadpoolexecutor.shutdown(); if (!threadpoolexecutor.awaittermination(waittime, timeunit.seconds)) { system.out.println(请尝试暴力关闭); } } catch (interruptedexception ex) { system.out.println(异常了); thread.currentthread().interrupt(); } } }}1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041
2.在启动类中加入bean
package com.ymy;import com.ymy.config.elegantshutdownconfig;import lombok.extern.slf4j.slf4j;import org.apache.catalina.connector.connector;import org.springframework.boot.springapplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.springbootapplication;import org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.tomcatconnectorcustomizer;import org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.tomcatservletwebserverfactory;import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.servletwebserverfactory;import org.springframework.context.applicationlistener;import org.springframework.context.configurableapplicationcontext;import org.springframework.context.annotation.bean;import org.springframework.context.event.contextclosedevent;import java.util.concurrent.executor;import java.util.concurrent.threadpoolexecutor;import java.util.concurrent.timeunit;@springbootapplicationpublic class shutdownserverapplication { public static void main(string[] args) { configurableapplicationcontext run = springapplication.run(shutdownserverapplication.class, args); run.registershutdownhook(); } @bean public elegantshutdownconfig elegantshutdownconfig() { return new elegantshutdownconfig(); } @bean public servletwebserverfactory servletcontainer() { tomcatservletwebserverfactory tomcat = new tomcatservletwebserverfactory(); tomcat.addconnectorcustomizers(elegantshutdownconfig()); return tomcat; }}1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041
这样我们就配置好了,我们再来测试一遍,test的接口还是休眠10秒
我们发现这次没有报错了,他是等待了一段时间之后再结束的线程池,这个时间就是我们在elegantshutdownconfig类中配置的waittime。
那可能你会有疑问了,jvm没有立即停止,那这个时候在有请求会发生什么呢?如果关闭的时候有新的请求,服务将不在接收此请求。
数据备份操作
如果我想在服务停止的时候做点备份操作啥的,应该怎么做呢?其实很简单在你要执行的方法上添加一个注解即可:@predestroy
“
destroy:消灭、毁灭 pre:前缀缩写
”
所以合在一起的意思就是在容器停止之前执行一次,你可以在这里面做备份操作,也可以做记录停机时间等。
新增服务停止备份工具类:databackupconfig.java
package com.ymy.config;import org.springframework.context.annotation.configuration;import javax.annotation.predestroy;@configurationpublic class databackupconfig { @predestroy public void backdata(){ system.out.println(正在备份数据。。。。。。。。。。。); }}123456789101112131415
我们再来测试然后打印控制台日志:
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